The 21-year-old has signed a one-year deal with the Silkmen after a successful trial at the Moss Rose.
Ghana-born Arthur is a graduate of the Birmingham City academy and made sixteen appearances for the Championship side before leaving St Andrews earlier this summer.
Arthur, who can operate in a wide role in the number 10 position, has previous National League experience with Lincoln City and spent part last season on loan at SkyBet League Two side Cheltenham Town.
After leaving Birmingham in the summer Arthur linked up with the Silkmen for pre-season training and quickly made an impression with an impressive debut in the friendly with Derby County.
He has gone to feature in every Macclesfield friendly and after agreeing a deal with the Silkmen will now be in contention for the opening National League game of the season at Wrexham on Saturday.