The Irishman leaves the National League side three days short of his one-year anniversary.
The Cards made the decision following Saturday’s 4-0 defeat at Gateshead.
Woking have won just one match since early September, a narrow home victory over fellow strugglers Boston United.
The Surrey side have now lost six of their last nine league matches and sit just a point above the relegation zone.
“Woking FC has parted company with Head Coach Michael Doyle and assistant Ben Turner with immediate effect,” the club said in a statement.
“We thank them both for their contribution to the club, in particular last season in helping the club avoid relegation.
“Plans are in place to move forward as quickly and efficiently as possible.”
The 43-year-old was previously assistant head coach at Notts County and Forest Green Rovers.
The club are next in action on Saturday at home to Altrincham before a Boxing Day derby match against rivals Aldershot Town.